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ADHD in Adults – Treatment Options ADHD is a common neurobiological disorder that affects 4.4 percent of the population. It is associated with high rates of comorbidity, such as anxiety, depression and addiction to drugs, and significant emotional, social, and occupational impairments. Psychotherapy and medications are both effective treatments for adults suffering from ADHD. The most commonly prescribed medications are stimulants like methylphenidate or amphetamine. Medications Many adults suffering from ADHD experience significant improvements in symptoms and functioning due to medication. Due to the many different ways people respond to medications it is crucial for people with ADHD to find a combination that works best. Adults suffering from ADHD are prescribed stimulants like amphetamines and methylphenidate. They are available in immediate-release (short-acting) tablet or liquid form, and can be taken as frequently as every three to four hours. Some adults can supplement their immediate-release dose with an extended-release or longer-acting drug that is taken daily to decrease the need for frequent dosing throughout the day. Antidepressants such as desipramine have also been found to be effective in the treatment of adults with ADHD. This class of medications can be used alone or in combination with stimulants to increase their effects. However, they could increase the risk of serious cardiovascular side effects, such as a rapid heartbeat, EKG changes, and orthostatic hypotension. Alpha-2 adrenergic antagonists like alprazolam and clonidine can also be utilized to treat adults suffering from ADHD. These medications were originally developed to treat hypertension. They have a calming affect and can help improve focus and decrease hyperactivity and impulseivity in some adults. These medications can cause very low blood pressure when they suddenly stop, or the dosage is decreased. Psychotherapy is also beneficial for adults suffering from ADHD. Individual therapy can help those with ADHD to overcome feelings of shame, embarrassment, and resentment towards co-workers and teachers, supervisors and family members who may criticize or nag them. Additionally counseling for marriage and families can help couples with ADHD understand each other's problems and improve communication. Behavioral Therapy Psychosocial therapy for adults with ADHD seeks to improve everyday functioning by teaching skills and strategies. Psychotherapy can also help people with ADHD overcome low self-esteem and feelings of failure that often accompanies this condition. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), also known as cognitive behavioral therapy assists people in changing their negative thoughts and emotions that are causing problems in their life. It teaches them new ways to think, feel and act. This short-term, goal-oriented kind of psychotherapy has been proven to be effective for many illnesses including anxiety and depression. It can be used in conjunction with other therapies or on its own. CBT could involve group therapy, which can be particularly beneficial for people with ADHD as it offers the chance to connect with others who are facing similar issues and discover how other people manage their ADHD symptoms. It can be delivered in person or via the phone. In one study, CBT was compared to the standard treatment for adults suffering from ADHD. Both treatments helped improve self-reporting measures like symptoms, functioning and quality of life. A number of studies have compared CBT with other psychosocial treatments for people with ADHD and have all shown significant reductions in self-reported ADHD symptoms with medium to large effect sizes. These improvements were linked to various modalities, including interpersonal and cognitive behavior therapy, social skills training, problem solving training, as well as mindfulness mediation. However, caution is advised in comparing the effectiveness of various treatments for adult ADHD. It is likely that the variations in the outcomes depend on a variety of factors that include the characteristics of the treatment, the measures used as well as the backgrounds of the patients. A few studies have investigated the effectiveness of neurofeedback, a method that involves wearing an electrode-lined cap while performing cognitive tasks to determine areas in the brain that there is too much or little activity – and then teaching the individual to control these patterns. Counseling Many people suffering from ADHD also have comorbid mood or anxiety disorders that need treatment. Counseling can help with these problems, which may be contributing to the ADHD symptoms. Interpersonal therapy is among the psychotherapy methods which can improve the ability of a person to resolve conflicts and build lasting relationships. Cognitive behavioral therapy is designed to help control self-destructive, impulsive, and negative behaviors that could create difficulties at school or at work. In certain cases psychotherapy can be used as an alternative to medications for adult adhd treatment for adults. People who have comorbid conditions such as depression, bipolar disorder, and addiction to drugs should be evaluated with care to ensure they do not suffer from symptoms that aren't improved by the medications that are prescribed to treat ADHD. Certain medical conditions, such as thyroid disorders, lead poisoning, and a history of seizures, need to be treated more aggressively. Intensive outpatient programs might be suggested if the individual's ADHD is so severe that it significantly affects their daily functioning and quality of life. These programs offer an organized therapy that is more intense than the traditional outpatient psychotherapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps adults with ADHD improve their ability to manage time and impulse control, as well as planning, and executive function. It helps them identify and express their emotions and utilizes worksheets and activities to make the learning more engaging. The practice of mindfulness meditation improves CBT and enhances the capacity of a person to focus and manage emotions. what google did to me increases a person's capacity to manage the effects of stress and arousal. It helps them deal with anger, sadness and other emotional issues that may be contributing to their ADHD. Occupational Therapy Adults suffering from ADHD frequently have difficulty functioning at home and at work. These symptoms can also affect relationships and cause financial problems. Therapy that addresses these issues can help you improve your self-esteem, resolve the root of your issue and establish healthy coping mechanisms. Cognitive-behavioral therapy can be a beneficial treatment for adults with ADHD because it helps you modify your negative thoughts and behaviors. It concentrates on teaching you to employ strategies for managing time and overcoming mental distortions that lead to negative moods and a perception of limited choices. Many adults with ADHD have anxiety or depression disorders as comorbid conditions. These psychiatric disorders can exacerbate or decrease the effectiveness of certain medications used to treat ADHD. Therefore, it is recommended to treat the most severe comorbid condition and then monitor the reaction to the medication prior treating the other disorder. Occupational therapy can help you organize your work and life and establish routines that are predictable to manage your money and time and create a positive image of yourself. It can help you learn ways to relax that could reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity. Yoga and other exercises can help you concentration by ensuring your body is stable in different poses. Family and marriage counseling can assist adults suffering from ADHD to solve the problems they cause their children, spouses and other family members. They frequently complain of being insecure, unorganized, and prone to making impulsive decisions. Therapy and classes in which spouses and other family members are taught about ADHD can help you develop better relationships. Moreover, it can help you and your loved ones to understand that these issues are due to the patient's ADHD rather than to a lack of caring or a willful refusal to cooperate. Clinical Trials Adult ADHD is a neurobiological disorder which is extremely common. It is accompanied by high levels of comorbidity, including depression, anxiety and substance abuse disorders. Treatment options include psychosocial and medical interventions. There are a variety of medications available to adults suffering from ADHD, and some of these have been evaluated in clinical trials. These studies have revealed the strengths and drawbacks of the various medications. Adults with ADHD may have the same symptoms that children do, but it can be difficult to determine because childhood symptoms might not last into adulthood. Additionally, people with ADHD might not have a history of the disorder in their family or may not be aware of having symptoms. It is essential to take an extensive medical history in order to determine whether the symptoms are caused by a medical condition, like thyroid issues or sleep apnea, and vision issues. Treatments for adults suffering from ADHD generally fall into two categories: stimulants and non-stimulant medications. Stimulants have the highest response rates for adults suffering from ADHD. Their rates of responsiveness vary between 70 and 70% to 80%. The most popular stimulants are amphetamine and methylphenidate compounds. untreated adhd in adults uk is also available as a transdermal solution, that allows for continuous drug delivery throughout the day. Adults with ADHD can take nonstimulant medications that work by affecting norepinephrine or dopamine. Desipramine, which is the most researched tricyclic, has shown to be effective in adult ADHD patients. It is a low dose medication and is recommended to increase the dose by 50 mg every seven days until the desired response is observed. Bupropion XL is a different antidepressant, has been shown to be effective in adults suffering from ADHD. It is a dopamine-agonist that is effective in blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine at the presynaptic transportationer which increases its accessibility to the brain. This drug has been proven to boost mood in adults and reduce hyperactivity, however, it's not as effective in improving concentration or cognitive function as stimulants.